Socio-ecological approach to resilience

Socio-ecological models were developed to further the understanding of the dynamic interrelations among various personal and environmental factors.

The best-known socio-ecological theory is that of Urie Bronfenbrenner (1979) and his description of the environment (or social-ecology) at five different levels:

• Microsystem (Child’s immediate environment)
• Mesosystem (How the different parts of the child’s environment work together to support the child)
• Exosystem (People and places that have an impact on the child’s life, such as parent’s workplace)
• Macrosystem (Government policies and cultural values)
• Chronosystem (The influence of change and constancy in a child’s environment)